Henry Every: Pirate and Nemesis of the Mughal Empire

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Henry Every

  The late 17th century was the Golden Age    of Piracy, and it was a global             

  phenomenon that essentially linked the          Indian Ocean to the Atlantic World.              Historians have now started exploring the    interconnections and linkages between          Piracy in different parts of the world.            Piracy as a state policy was instituted by      the English Crown during the reign of the    Tudor Monarch, Elizabeth I who                    encouraged Sir Francis Drake and John        Hawkins to prey upon Spanish ships sailing from South America to Spain. The South Atlantic became the theatre of English piracy sometimes called delicately as privateering, an arrangement in which the Crown protects the privateer in return for a share in the plunder and of course, deniability. Unfortunately, Sir Walter Raleigh another favorite of Elizabeth did not realize that the Stuarts were anxious to preserve their friendship with Spain and was executed at the insistence of the Spanish Ambassador.

The pirates of the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean operated on what can best be described as contested spaces, the Caribbean and the Islands of the Indian Ocean, particularly, Madagascar. Here pirates found both facilities to have their ships repaired and recruit for future ventures. The Governors were notoriously corrupt and provided facilities for pirating expeditions. From the Caribbean the New England states of the US were within reach and pirate circuits soon spread to North America as well. It is against this historical background that we can situate the most infamous pirate of his age, Henry Every sometimes called Benjamin Bridgeman. Along with Captain William Kyd who was tried and executed at Tyburn, Henry Every too was the subject of a whole series of ballads and chapbooks, the product of the nascent print culture. Daniel Defoe also wrote a biography which was a huge success, King of the Pyrates. Though Henry Every operated in the Indian Ocean, unfortunately his name is largely forgotten in History.

On September 8th, 1695 the largest ship in the Mughal fleet, Ganj-i-Sawai was attacked and captured by the English pirate, Henry Every. Born in Devon in 1653 or so, Henry Every joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman and in 1694 mutinied and took control over the ship Charles II which he renamed Fancy. He sailed to Madagascar where two more pirate sloops joined in. Every avoided English and Dutch shipping and turned his attention to Mughals who plied their vessels from Surat to Mocha and thence to Mecca. The ease with which the Mughal ship was captured along with its accompanying flotilla of 3 or 5 smaller ships shows that the Mughals were a land based power who did not comprehend the importance of naval power. They seemed to have had no concept of lordship over the oceans. 

The Mughal Historian Kafi Khan in his record has referred to the incident and states that the Mughal King Aurangzeb was beside himself with rage when he heard that his granddaughter and members of the harem were captured and possibly abused: "After having remained engaged for a week in searching for plunder, stripping the men of their clothes, and dishonouring old and young women, they left the ship and their passengers to their fate". Kafi Khan goes on to say that the King ordered the Superintendent of the Port of Surat, Itimad Khan to punish the factors of the English East India Company. However for reasons that are still obscure, Imitad Khan did not enforce the royal order in its severity. He kept the English in confinement and soon released them. Even this was too much for the English who soon took revenge by seizing Mughal Officials and the Grand Mughal could do little over this challenge to Mughal authority and prestige. Like India's response to the 26/11 Attack, the Mughal response too was tepid and extremely tame. Finally trade concessions were extended even to Bengal after the East India Company gave vague assurances of bringing Henry Every to "justice". Except the Proclamation declaring Henry Every a fugitive there is no evidence that the East India Company or the English pursued him eagerly.

Where does the saga of Henry Every end. He seems to have lived out the rest of his life peacefully. The Mughal princess disappears from History though there are unsubstantiated rumours that she married one of her captors, an early instance of the Stockholm Syndrome. As for the treasure, a few coins discovered in Rhode Island in 2014 suggests that at least a part of the loot was hidden in New England making the Atlantic-Indian Ocean circuit complete.

India's Most Wanted Killed in Pakistan: The truth behind the killings

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Till now around 16 most wanted terrorists have been killed within Pakistan by unknown gunmen. The question that is being asked is a simple one: Is India behind the string of killings. This controversy has gained added salience due to the insinuation  of the US Deparment of Justice official that India, or some individual named Nikhil was behind an attempt on the life of the Kaliastani terrorist, Pannu. Let us take one issue first. India certainly has the intent to punish terrorists who roam the world scot free. But does India have the capability to launch kinetic strikes against terrorists. 

In the world today only 2 States have the capability of launching kinetic strikes against enemies, Israel and USA. MOSSAD is well known and the CIA has organized subversive strikes all over the world, the Nord Stream Pipeline being the most recent. India's  R&AW which was founded in 1968 has acquired information and itel gathering capacity. Its Electronic surveillance, particularly along the borders and the Coast is impressive and over the years has built its Humit network in certain countries, particularly Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal. However, it does not have the capacity nor the capability to launch assassinations and targeted interventions in any part of the world. Perhaps Nepal is the only country in which the R&AW operates with a fair degree of latitude. R&AW has cooperated with Bangladesh in identifying and transporting Mujib's killers who had sought refuge in India and successive Governments chose to ignore their presence. Of late the organization has increased its footprint in the Myanmar border region and the purpose is only to protect India. The collapse of the Myanmar Army would be a serious blow to India's aggressive counter insurgency strategy. I do not want to reveal more.

Returning to Pakistan, the death of the known terrorists is hardly a cause of concern. But India is being blamed for the death. While India does have the intent, capability is another matter. Further, the Government of India security apparatus reports directly to the Prime Minister through Ajit Doval and given the complex situation in diplomatic arena and the rapid rise in India's international stature, it is very unlikely that the Government would resort to illegal kinetic measures. R &AW has collected a great deal of information about terrorists and their network and it will not share this with either USA or Canada. India is only a beginner in the game of Big Power politics and will not jeopardise its goals early in the game. So obviously India is not directly involved. Deniability is very important and it takes time to build layers of deniability.

From 1999 onwards, when Benazir Bhutto came to power, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan has been encouraging terrorism in Kashmir and has built up support among identity groups in Uttar Pradesh and Kerala and Tamil Nadu. I K Gujral in 1997 as the appointed unelected Prime Minister,  to his eternal shame, had compromised Indian intelligence and so India was not able to either respond  and take adequate measures. The Kashmir Genocide was the result of I K Gujral's policy of appeasing Pakistan by disarming Indian intelligence and in Iran too Hamid Ansari as shown in Mission R &AW the same tragedy unfolded. 

The spate of targeted killings began in 2021 when an attempt was made on Hafiz Saeed. This terrorist escaped death and has been in hiding ever since. He is a UN designated terrorist and almost all terrorists killed during the course of the past year have been associated with (1) Laskhkar-e-Taiba, (2)  Hizbul Mujahideen, and (3) Jaish-e- Mohammed. Masood Azhar who was freed in exchange for the passengers of the hijacked AI 814 to Kandhaar in December 1999 is presumed to have died in the Balakot strike, though the R&AW has not stopped tracking him. Raheem Ullah Tariq associated with J-e-M was killed on November 13th in Karachi. Akram Gazi L-e-T killer was eliminated on November 9th near a town in Pakistan occupied Pashtunistan. Kwaja Shahid was kidnapped and executed in PoK. This man was involved in the attack on an Indian Army Camp at Sunjerwan in Kashmir. Shaid Latif who belonged to J-e-M and was the plotter behind the Pathankot attack was killed by unknown gunmen in Sialkot. In September Riaz Ahmed the mastermind of terror attacks in Kahsmir was killed in PoK. In Karachi Mufti Kasim Farooqi who had shifted to a new location was traced and killed. A month earlier, Hafiz Saeed's right hand man, Hussein Arain was killed in Sindh. IN Rawalpindi, in March 2023 Bashir Ahmed Pir of the Hizbul Mujahideen was eliminated. In Karachi again, Khalid Raza of the ul-Badr- Mujahideen was killed. Nepal too has witnessed the killing of India wanted terrorists like Lal Mohammed. 

India clearly and categorically denies involvement in these killings. And I have no reason not to believe what the Government of India says. As I have said, there may be intent but capability is a totally different order of magnitude. It is likely that a groups of Army Officers in Pakistan who are not favorably disposed towards the regime in power there are behind the killings and they may get assistance from patriots.

Emmauel Le Roy Ladurie (1929 - 2023) An Assessment and a Tribute

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Dr Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie died in Paris at the age  of 94 a long life filled with admirable contribution to medieval history and a stalwart of the "Annales" School of French Historiography. Of course the fact that his father served as a Minister of Agriculture under the Vichy regime in no way stands in the way of international recognition for his work. In fact as I have argued elsewhere it is about time to reassess the ideology of "collective guilt" imposed by Charles de Gaulle after his "Victory: march with the Allies in 1945. But this fact serves to underscore the complex relationship between the French Historical Establishment and the post "Liberation" French State. 

Dr Le Roy Ladurie

  Ladurie is a rock star among             Historians and his stellar reputation   rests on his Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error a study in which he used  the Inquisitorial Records to uncover the   pattern of culture and popular belief ina small mountainous village of just 250 peasants who came under the gaze of the Roman Catholic Church due to their apparent interest in the Cathars, a Christian movement that was declared heretical by the Catholic Church. Marriage patterns, familial ties, land control and ownership and relationship with the Clergy and its "errors" then as now are scandalous, Though published in 1978 this book still remains a classic study in what the French call mentalite`. 

This particular book has had a very wide impact and it has reshaped the field of agrarian and medieval history in significant ways. This was the first major work that used Inquisitorial Records to probe deeper questions of faith and religion in a medieval peasant society. As many scholars since have pointed out, the French peasants were usually unlettered and the records may at best reflect the scribes' perception. Here were have what Ranajit Guha in his classic paper, "The prose of Counter Insurgency" called History against the grain. Le Roy Ladurie followed this book with one of the classic statements on Historiography, The Territory of the Historian. Unfortunately this book remains almost undiscovered by students of medieval History. Another early book that must be mentioned is Times of Feast, Times of Famine a book in which he used the records of grape harvest to make a study of climate chamge and variation in medieval Europe. 

In 1580 a Carnival in Romans turned into a violent riot in which the leading citizens of the city of Romans attacked and killed craftsmen who were generally adherents of the Protestant faith. This event took place eight years after the 1572 Hugenots Massacre on St Bartholomew Day. The ferocity and the intense scale of the violence unleashed was unprecedented and the Historian puts in in the context of economic, cultural and social changes that were sweeping through France. 

This book is a study of the Platter Family which transitioned from sheep rearing to High social status profession within a single generation. Based on Family Records preserved in the Archives at Montpellier this work is an important contribution to the social history of early modern France. And the Peasants of Languedoc is a classic work of medieval agrarian history. 

One question that needs to be asked as Historians grapple with the methodological sophistication and grandiose sweep of Annales is the, apparent uniqueness of the French Method of History. Most of the world and certainly most of the non white societies lack historical documentation of depth and range that we see in France and other white states. The lack of resources itself should alert Historians to the fact that it is is not possible to replicate the Annales in other countries, certainly not in India. Second why do the Annales School of Historians stay away from Modern History. Is it because in the medieval period France was undefeated and was the proud centre of the European civilization.

The death of this great Historian is a loss and we mourn his death.

 

India's Experiment with Democracy: The Life of a Nation Through Its Elections: A Review

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

India's Experiment with Democracy: The Life of a Nation Through its Elections

S Y Quraishi, IAS (retd)

New Delhi: Harper Collins 2023

Shri S Y Quraishi I A S (retd) has written a hastily written book on Indian Elections in which all the talking points of George Soros and his Merry Men who scream about India being a flawed "democracy" in which "back sliding" of norms has become endemic are sprinkled in ample measure all through this badly written and sloppily edited book. We expect some quality from men who hold high Constitutional Office and I am sorely disappointed having perused the turgid pages hoping for insight and elucidation. And both were not forthcoming, unfortunately.

As the Chief Election Commissioner during the Man Mohan Singh regime, Shri S Y Quraishi for reasons that are quite obscure fails to highlight the two most important dangers faced by Indian Democracy: Corruption and Dynastic Politics. His tortured attempt to gloss over the conviction of Rahul Gandhi for his conviction in a criminal case of defamation shows bias in favor of the Congress and his insinuation that the case was instigated as vendetta makes one wonder about the quality of his judgement. He cites the Lily George judgement and is certainly aware of the consequences that stem from conviction. The purchase of criminals over Indian politics is hinted throughout the book but there is studied silence on Shahabuddin and Atiq Ahmed, the two most egregious instances of criminals masquerading as leaders. Giving more powers to the Election Commission of India to disqualify candidates is hardly a solution as this provision is likely to be used selectively on ideological grounds. Identity politics is reprehensible in whatever form it takes.

Apart from overweening bias, the book is flawed in that it takes a standard instrumental line when it comes to Democracy, Elections and Politics. The Indian Constitution does not mention Political Parties or their role in the affairs of the State and hence we can raise the question is the multi party democracy that flourishes in India alien to the letter and spirit of the Constitution. If political parties are not mentioned then it logically follows that defection cannot be regarded as an offence as the Constitution does not recognise the existence of political factions. This point is not addressed by Shri Quraishi though one of his predecessors Shri Navin Chawla thought it prudent to let the cat among the pigeons. Political Parties get legal status only through the enabling legislation, Representation of Peoples' Act. The founders of the Indian Constitution were perhaps aware of the ill of party democracy and hence avoided even according political parties constitutional recognition. 

The  Prime Minister has spoken of One Nation one Election as a solution to the constant election fever that grips the country. The Media has the distracting habit of reading election results as though state elections are referenda on the Central Government. This vital debate is not addressed except in a perfunctory casual manner. He rightly rejects NRI voting right but seems to bend towards allowing migrant voters the right to vote. Elections is India are in a federal context and the individual state must remain the locus of elections. On the Model Code of Conduct Shri Quraishi seems to think that giving it statutory powers will enable the Commission to be more effective. I think this will only lead to more litigation on the implementation of the code. 

Shri Quraishi seems to give far too much importance to Political Parties. May be for the Election Commission of India they remain its prime clients. However, political parties with a few honourable exceptions, have failed to maintain inter party democracy, failed to submit their election accounts to the Commission, failed to nominate candidates with good track record, and most have circumvented democracy by openly embracing dynastic fascism as the norm. Regional political parties are particularly prone to this tendency. And he has also failed to investigate the pernicious and corrosive practice of distributing money to the electorate. The Tirimangalam By election brought this before the Nation. And the author is discreetly silent on the huge sums of money seized during Elections. In Tamil Nadu, container lorries stuffed with currency notes were seized and till this day we do not know how the Election Commission of India disposed off the case. And the example of the Sivagangai Parliamentary Election result is still a lingering sore. Quraishi ignored all substantial issues dealing with money and crime in Indian elections. 

There is a great deal of repetition in the book. Passages are repeated verbatim and this only shows bad editing and poor writing and drafting. On page 218 and pg 222 we find the same sentence repeated dealing with corrupt practices. We find such instances throughout the book. It seems this hastily written book is designed to reinforce the George Soros and its affiliate Institute of Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) propaganda against India. India will remain a democracy in spite of the  poison emanating from white societies and their ideological partners and sepoys. 

Why should India and its former Election Commission have a  view on the elections in USA.  On pg 288 he write that President "Trump sought to cancel the 2020 election results an declare himself the victor". This is absolute nonsense. Trump sought to raise questions about the legal validity of the elections and nothing more. We do not expect a functionary of the Election Commission to accept uncritically the talking points from Washington Post and New York Times. His laboured effort to defend Muslim social practices as followed by Taliban in Afghanistan is not worth dealing with as a religion is judged not by what it preaches but what it practices. In any case that is an exercise in futility as far as the indigenous people of India are concerned.

This is a bad book. Written in a style that is full of North Block officialise and we are left with the wisdom that the Chief Election Commissioner ranks higher in the pecking order as seen in the Warrant of Precedence compared to a Principal Secretary. Hierarchy once again. 

Natalie Zemon Davis (1928-2023) A critical assessment and tribute

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Dr Natalie Zemon Davis
1928-2023

Dr Natalie Zemon Davis was a rare historian in that he combined a vigorous prose style of writing with a flair for elucidating the unexpected and the spectacular. Crafting a taut narrative while keeping her eyes close to the primary sources is a talent that only the best among historians possess and these days when Historians compete with the "Social Scientists" for writing bland turgid jargon ridden semi literate prose, the stylist in Dr Davis stands out stark and clear. Her death on the 21st of October came as a shock to her admirers all over the world and I count myself as one such.

Dr Natalie Davis was a Jewish American Historian and as such gravitated towards the "progressive" side of American politics. Unlike the radicals of today whose radicalism is expressed primarily in a radicalized aesthetic, Davis and her husband, Chandler, face the raw brutality of the American State during the McCarthy Era when a campaign to root out "communist"   subversives was pushed through with the same passion with which the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion agenda is today being touted today. Davis and her husband who was a Professor of Mathematics were stripped of their passports and Chandler even spent six months in Prison for refusing to accept a subpoena and pleading the fifth. Certainly her politics was progressive. In 1959 she took her PhD for the University of Michigan and spent the rest of her life at Princeton University. Her Culture and Society in Early Modern France, Return of Martin Guerre, Fictions in the Archives and Trickster's Tales are important contributions.

Today the field of History has declined into a morass of post colonialism with the subjective and the unverifiable elevated as categories of understanding the past. Narrative and event oriented analysis of reality has given way to dense "thick descriptions" cast within a cultural/anthropological construct are seen as alternatives to the grounded histories that the Historical Method and its application creates. Memory, Culture, Society are the banners under which the New History associated with Carlo Ginsberg, Natalie Zemon, Ladurie and others marched. But these broad and almost undefinable concepts stretched Historiography almost to breaking point and in the cracks various kinds of splintered Histories sprouted based on identity, ideology and ideas. Dr Davis has not directly confronted these "post colonial" challenges.

Davis served as the President of the American Historical Association and her address History's Two Bodies remains a classic. Her death is a loss to the profession in the true sense.

Yaroslav Hunka and the "Nazi" Chimera: Can he be called a WAR Criminal

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Yaroslav Hunka is 98 years old, He is in extremely poor health. And frail. He was at the behest of the Speaker of the Canadian Parliament, Anthony Rota, given a standing ovation for having fought  for Ukrainian Independence against Russia. Of course this does imply working on behalf of the Germans. The Canadian Press and Politicians promptly started a campaign of self righteous indignation that threatens the stability of the Justin Trudeau regime. Let us look at the facts.

Canada has always been "permissive" as Foreign Minister Dr S Jaishankar pointed out recently in the context of the reluctance to repatriate serious offenders an criminals to face trial. Soon after World War II ended, Canada took in refugees from Europe and did not screen the immigrants for Nazi antecedents. At least 6000 Ukrainians were allowed entry along with a  considerable number of Germans. By 1948 the two Anglo Saxon powers, Britain and USA decided that USSR was a great threat and that there was no point in pursuing past enemies when one more loomed large. The Nuremberg Tribunal was abandoned and by 1950 even the prohibition, largely on paper, of keeping out Nazis was dropped from the category of those denied entry into Canada. After all, Nazis had a proven record of being anti communist.

It was against this background that Yaroslav Hunka entered Canada and his Nazi past was not discovered even though Professor John-Paul Himka has used his papers to document atrocities that were committed against Jews. Surprisingly the State of Israel has not made a public statement on the controversy nor has it demanded the extradition to Israel to face charges. This should give us reason to stop and pause and not be carried away in the cacophony emanating from Ottawa. 

The Government of Canada appointed the Deschenes Commission in 1985 to investigate the infiltration of Nazis into Canada and it specifically looked into the charges against the Waffen SS to which Yaroslav Hunka belonged and concluded that the Waffen SS did not commit WAR CRIMES. While they did participate in violence against Jews and Poles, the Commission clearly stated that war crime charges cannot be brought against those who were part of the Waffen SS. This division served in Galicia and was involved in ethnic cleansing the Poles who had settled in the region after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following World War I. White politicians, academics and media propagandists are sensitive to the anti Semite trope and hence the unwillingness to go into the details. As a non white I have no such blinkers.

I am not suggesting that Hunka was innocent and does not have blood on his hands. He certainly does but I am only clarifying the point whether he can be considered a war criminal as he is alleged even by George Galloway, whose opinions are usually grounded in research. 

There were groups that participated willingly in arresting and transporting Jews from Ukraine and these groups associated with the OUN, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its armed wing, UPA, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army were deeply anti Semitic and their participation in the Holocaust is established. The case of John Demjanjuk makes this point clear.

There is no reason to join the collective chorus against Yaroslav Hunka. He is certainly an unsavory fellow  with a shady bood soaked past. But the Canadian Law has always been apathetic to criminals and that explains the presence of gangsters, drug lords, Mafioso, Nazis and internationally wanted terrorists in Canada. Right from World War II Canada has been permissive in its immigration policy.

Canada, India, Terrorism and Diplomatic fallout: Is there truth in Trudeau's Charge of Indian Involvement in Nijjar's Killing

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Hardeep Singh Nijjar 

  The killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar in a Gurudwara in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada has led to a firestorm with charges flying fast and thick between India and Canada. Justin Trudeau, the Premier of Canada, accused India of orchestrating the killing and expelled the  R&AW Mission Chief in the Indian High Commission at Ottawa and India reciprocated. The first question we need to ask is on what basis did Trudeau make this charge. India is quite right in asking for evidence to back up the claim.

Nijjar's killing was preceded by the killing of Ripudaman Singh Mallik who had written a letter to the Prime Minister thanking him for removing the names of some Khalistani supporters from the list of proscribed individuals whose entry into India was illegal On July 14, 2023 the 75 year old Mallik was shot dead. Is there any link between the to killings. Nijjar whose son has claimed his father worked closely with the Canadian Intelligence, CSIS, is a suspect and therefore his murder is being linked to India as a case of revenge killing. It must be borne in mind that Ripudaman Singh was himself an accused in the bombing of Kanishka, the Air India flight from Vancouver which was  blown up near Cork on June 23, 1985 killing 329 passengers. Two more baggage  handlers were killed in Narita Airport Japan on the same day. 

Are Indian security agencies capable of carrying out strikes abroad. While there is no point in becoming sanctimonious and saying that Indian law and Constitution does not allow the Government such freedom, we should rather look at the conduct of agencies like R&W. They have not carried out strikes abroad as they are not trained to carry out such operations and their role is only that on intelligence gathering and monitoring. So far we have not heard of a single instance of the R&AW being involved in serious crime like murder. And certainly the Government of India cannot operate like Israel and the US in spite of open glee with which such covert operations are met with in India. So in spite of the vociferous public sympathy and support for covert activities, India lacks both the will and the capacity for sophisticated strikes in the heart of terrorism. At best the R&AW keeps track of the movements of terror suspects and if they step foot in India, the agencies at home are pressed into service and the only country where Indian covert operations are visible is Nepal. Canada is a white Anglo-Saxon majority and an ally of USA and India will not strike directly. Trudeau took up the Nijjar killing with Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his extended stay in New Delhi.

India has been warning about terrorists finding a safe haven in Canada even before the Kanishka bombing. Talwinder Singh Tomar, the founder of the terror module, Babbar Khalsa, who was later killed in a police encounter in India, was suspected to have been the master mind of the Kanishka Air India 182 bombing. Justin Tredeau senior who was then the Premier of Canada refused to extradite Parmar even though his hate rhetoric against India and a particular religious group had come to the notice of the Indian authorities. Since the bombing, R&AW has been monitoring hate groups like Sikhs for Justice, Babbar Khalsa, and the like and has collected a great deal of information. The reason why India is suspicious of sharing Intelligence with Canada  due to the fact that CSIS, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service which was aware of the activities of the Air India Bombers Ajai Singh Bagri and Reyat along with the conversations that Talwinder Singh Parmar had with these individual, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police took no steps to either stop the bombing or seriously prosecute the accused. The CISIS used a legal loophole that it is not a Law Enforcement Agency to destroy 151 tapes containing the recorded wiretaps of the Air India bombers. Therefore India decided to step in and monitor hate groups focused on India. There is a sinsister motive underlying Canada's strident plea for Indian cooperation. India cannot afford a repeat of the Air India Kanishka fiasco and there is no guarantee that Information shared will not find its way into the hands of Sikh terrorists who may use the information to gut India's assets in Canada. 

The Sikh Panthic forces that animate terrorism against India are led by Pannu, a man who was in the news recently for threatening Canadians of Indian origin. In both USA and to a much greater extent Canada, there is tolerance extended to ethnic groups wedded to a political cause. The welfare state in Canada provides resources for poor immigrants from Punjab support themselves and there is a well established ecosystem of politicians, civil society groups, community institutions and leaders and of course, lawyers who use very lax immigration  laws and a narrative of political prosecution to give citizenship to people like Nijjar who are wanted in India for  heinous crimes like murder and extortion. Even Talwinder Singh Parmar who was protected from extradition by Trudeau senior was wanted in India for killing 2 policemen in 1981 in the Indian state of Punjab.

The Canadian Government and the complicity of its law enforcement agencies in protecting terrorists is brought out very clearly in Cold Terror by the Canadian journalist Stewart Bell. Trudeau is unable to deal with terror sympathizers in his own land as the survival of the Canadian regime is dependent on the support of the Jagmeet Singh controlled National Liberal Party. Jagmeet Singh is not a terrorist and is a Lawyer who has worked for Sikh refugees in Canada, However Sikh identity politics makes it difficult for anyone to separate a terrorist from a bigger groups. India needs to keep track of Sikh Terrorists i Canada in order to protect our country since Canada is clearly incapable of doing so.

India has now come down heavily on Khalistani elements in India by setting the NIA to identify their property and confiscating them. The Overseas Citizens of India card of those in touch with Khalistani elements and who have participated in demonstrations against India will be cancelled. 

India's Techade: Nalin Mehta looks at the Digital Revolution in India

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

India's Techade: Digital Revolution and Change in the World's Largest Democracy

Nalin Mehta

Westland, 2023

Nalin Mehta is a well known academic and political observer and is the author of the well regarded massive tome on the New BJP. This book demolished the Christopher Jafferlot and his acolytes who see in the rise of the BJP something that only the deluded overeducated white men can see, a "fascist" "high caste" "Hindu Nationalist" political organization. Of course this narrative is promoted by those fed and battened in the stables of George Soros and his merry men.  Nalin Mehta has decisively shown that the electoral base of the BJP is OBC and SC, ST identity groups. The present book is obviously timed to set the narrative for the 2024 General Elections.

Nalin Mehta has drawn extensively from open source Government data to show that the Digital Revolution initiated by the UPA and further extended and elaborated by the Narendra Modi Government has transformed the face of Indian society and therefore politics. The UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION based on the Aadhar scheme has given a unique digital identity to the citizens which in turn has created the foundation for inclusive banking and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT). This digital marker coupled with GIS enabled data tracking and mapping has cut administrative costs and has reduced corruption, the bane of Indian public administration so far. 

Several of the socially and economically transformative schemes of the Modi Government are driven by the digital infrastructure that has been erected. The Unified Payment Interface (UPI) is is now global and is competing with established platforms like Visa and Master Card. Demonetization was aimed at eradicating Black Money that had assumed alarming proportions to the tune of nearly 60% of the Gross Domestic Product and terror funding was taking place through the hoarded black economy. Narendra Modi decided to attack both and the master stroke was the sudden demonetization of high value notes. Of course, the those affected by the sudden  move were critical and the Congress Party exposed itself when it came out against what their presiding deity, Rahul Gandhi called a "jumla". The introduction of digital modes of finance has certainly helped create a better environment for business and investment. FinTech the backbone of Digital Finance infrastructure  in India is also creating interest  in parts of Asia and Africa. 

The months of COVID lockdown saw the economy of India collapse and Indiam journalists taking money from  white propaganda 

outlets like New York Times and Washington Post went to town defaming India and its efforts to fight the Chinese created pandemic. One female reporter even used drone footage of burning pyres to earn money from the white propaganda houses. However, Digital India framework provided a reliable means of tracking the clusters of disease and helped to track down contacts. The result was that India had a reliable and efficient system of monitoring the pandemic. The ease with which the COVID vaccinations were administered and the digital authentication in the form of an e-certificate was a marvel of ingenuity, 

Parts of the book  read, unfortunately, like an election manifesto. And that is truly an important aspect as the Digital Revolution has muted the identity politics that drive Indian elections. The class of Labharathis or beneficiaries of the various schemes rolled out by the Government of India under Shri Narendra Modi will propel the BJP towards a 352 to 358 seats in the Lok Sabha. Unfortunately for the Opposition the OBC and SC ST vote banks are now solidly in the BJP bailiwick. 

I enjoyed reading this book. Though I would have brought in the political dimensions of the Digital Revolution more clearly as that was the real intent behind all these ground breaking innovations.

Peter Brown's Journey of the Mind: Autobiography and Historiography. conjoined twins

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Peter Brown

  Peter Brown the well known and     celebrated Historian has just published   his autobiography, Journeys of the   Mind, in which he traces his     intellectual development from an   undergraduate student in Oxford to his   present status as the preeminent historian of Late Antiquity. He arranges his life, as does his alter ego, Edward Gibbon, as though there is a pattern and inevitability to his life and career. His choice of "special subjects" his acquisition of reading ability in foreign languages, the fortuitous presence of teachers and a father who supported all his decisions, morally and financially conspired to charm him along the yellow brick road to academic eminence. 

Cover Journeys

 Born in 1935 to an Irish Protestant family,   Brown never tires of drawing attention to the   discrimination he faced at the hands of the   English. He belonged to a family that   prospered in the colonies as an engineer in   the Sudan Railway. Brown lived his early   years in the Empire and in  his youth saw   the   Empire fade into History. The famines   faced by the Irish epitomised the callousness   of the the English regime and Sir Charles   Trevelyan (1807-1888) presided over the   death of nearly a million people, as the Famine  Relief Authority of Ireland. The collapse of the idea of progress in the historical profession meant the Historians were open to other ideas and in the case of Brown a brave new world of "social science" was opened up as he explored the Roman past with insight from Evan-Pritchard, Mary Douglas, and a French anthropologist whose insight helped Brown as he struggled with the controversies of the Donatist Church in North Africa'

Peter Brown devoted his professional life to the cusp between the end of the Roman Empire and the advent of Islam and its triumph in the Middle East and Africa. And in this he was following the footsteps of Edward Gibbon, who wrote two hundred years earlier on the same theme. Rather than see the Late Empire as an age of decline and decadence, Brown views the period as one of change and transformation characterized by new social classes and new sources of wealth. The newer social classes found Christianity attractive and flocked to the new religion. He does not really address the question of the Great Persecution and the relentless thirst for martyrdom displayed by the early Christians. The Eastern Churches were flourishing until the rise of Islam put an end to the Donatist, Nestorian and Chaldean churches in Syria, Mesopotamia and Egypt. 

The questions raised by Brown are important and there is need to reflect on the stupendous success of the Easter Churches in keeping Christianity alive in the Middle East. Islam did not arise in a vacant desolate land land of jaliliya, as early Moslem historians like to portray the pre Islamic past. His work is of interest to scholars working in the history of the Near East, Mediterranean region and  the Balkans. The intellectual influences on Brown are many but two Historians are important in shaping his understanding of the past: Mikhail Rostovtzeff (1870-1952) and Arnaldo Momigliano, his long suffering doctoral guide. Brown spent his time writing his famous biography of Augustine of Hippo that he did not complete his dissertation. It was a different world then. A successful academic life could still be launched without the doctorate. The only other case I remember is Eugen Weber, the great historian of the Third Republic. 

At some point Peter Brown decided to move to USA where he felt he had better prospects. 

Peter Brown is a prolific writer and his output is impressive and so too is his command over languages: Latin, Greek, German, Hebrew, French and a few more, However, his use of functionalist models fir explaining important social changes in the Roman Empire lead me to wonder if historical change is being misinterpreted as functionalism invariably see static social behaviour. Therefore the appearance of the holy man, a sure sign of social change is interpreted from the standpoint of functionalism, which imposes a rationality to what is in reality a sign or symptom of change in society.

I enjoyed this book and having heard AJP Taylor's autobiography and also E J Hobsbawm's Interesting Times, the Journeys of the Mind is an solid addition to the growing number of autobiographies penned by Historians.

Madras in an Eighteenth Century Poem: Temples, Patrons and Urban landscape as seen in Sarva-deva-vilasa

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Several decades back Dr V Raghavan published the Sarva-deva-Vilasa in the Adyar Library Series. This Champu, written in both prose and poetry, does not rank high for its literary merits as it is replete with violations of the rule of Sandhi, intersperses Sanskrit with Tamil and Telugu colloquialisms, and there are grammatical bloopers as well. However, it provides us a glimpse of the City of Madras as it fell under the growing influence of the s'veta mukha palita, the white faced as this poem rather inelegantly calls the English. 

The author is as yet unknown but the two protagonists are referred to as Vivekin and Ativivekin, intelligent and more intelligent, respectively. Both are in search of new patrons for their craft, the kathakalakshepa, religious and ethical discourse. And as astute observers of the social and economic changes in the City, they latch on to three or four men, all of whom were connected in some form or other with the East India Company and its trading activities. Some of the men appear in Historical Records put together by Love and so we can date the poem circa late 18th century as the Mayor's Court was established in 1753 and one of the personages mentioned was a Kanakkappa,  the dubash ( Interpreter) to the Court. Kalingaraya, Srirangaraya, and Vedachala were the prime patrons and the poems revolves around them and the social network in which they lives circled. These three men belonged to the socially dominant community that arose to prominence in the late Vijayanagara period: the Tondaimandala Vellalas. 

The poem provides a list of temples in and around the city of Madras,and even Ramalinga Swamiar, called it, "dharma migu Cennai". Vaisnava and Saiva temples received patronage from these upcoming magnates who sought opportunities for social and economic advancement by collaborating with the East India Company and its traders. Textile trade, pearl and diamond trade, beetle leaf monopoly, money lending were all part of the portfolio of interests that this new group commanded in Madras, Pulicat, Pondicherry and Nagapattinam. As agents controlling the textile trade at both the production and distribution points, these men became immensely wealthy and replaced the kings and chieftains who had patronised literature and art earlier. In fact all three patrons mentioned in the poem were dharmakarttas, temple controllers    

Perumal Temple Tirunirmalai

The temple at Tirunirmalai is a divyadesam and the poem describes the palace as Toyadri thereby indicating its high status among Vaishnava holy places .Our poets visited this temple along with Vedachala and in the evening there was organized a sadas in which

  music and dance were exhibited. The poets were gratified to receive gifts from their patron.

 The Krishna Temple in Coral Merchants Street was an important place of worship in the 18th century.  Along with the Chenna Keshava Perumal Temple, this temple too was built towards the middle of the 18th century, after the "native" population had been evicted from the Fort. 

Agastesvara Temple

Nungambakkam, looked far different in the 18th century than now.  The Long Tank which stretched from Mylapore to Tennampet and spread into Nungambakkam, gave the names by which these parts are known today: Spur Tank Road.  The Agastyeesvara Temple was an important shrine and our poets visited it and they refer to the Big Lake along side this temple. The Long Tank was drained in the last quarter of the 19th century and the vestiges of the Long Tank disappeared when Karunanidhi decided to build the Valluvar Kottam.

Vasavi Kanyaka Perumal Temple 
Kotwal Chavadi Black Town

The Vasavi Kanyaka Temple was one of the most important  shrines associated with the Beri Chetti Community of South India. A detailed description of this temple is given in the poem and before Kotwal Chavadi yeilded its importance to Koyembedu, this was a thriving commercial centre.  In all the sites visited, the poets participated in the religious festivities which often culminated in all night Katha Kalekshepa 

The Sarva deva Vilasa offers us a unique glimpse into the social and cultural life of the indigenous population in the cusp of colonial rule. There are references to the influence of Military Band music on Carnatic Music, the early use of violin, a western instrument, in the emerging repertoire of Classical compositions, and we find adequate enough information about the landmarks of Old Madras. 

Pierre Laval:: Patriot, Traitor or Collaborator Laval needs to be reviewed critically

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Pierre Laval 

    Pierre Laval (1883- 1945) was Prime        Minister of France three thrice, served       as a   Minister of the Third Republic        13   times and   was Foreign Minister         and President of the   Council. A socialist   by conviction and a   French patriot, by   choice he became the   victim of Charles   de Gaulle's politics and   his  execution in   1945 after a trial that even   Stalin would   have found embarrassing,: a   grotesque   

Kafkaesque political drama in   which Laval was denied a fair trial without   witnesses, documents or evidence. And his meeting with Hitler as Prime Minister and with Mussolini earlier held up as evidence of treason, collaboration and therefore guilty.

The great Athenian Historian, Thucydides wrote with great insight, nearly two thousand five hundred years back, "to fit in  with the change of events, words too  had to change their usual meaning." Ideology and political expediency demanded a new Hero and a new Church and the hero and the church required a sacrifice in blood and that was paid by Laval. On the night preceding his execution he tried to kill himself and it was decided to shoot him on a stretcher, if he  could not walk. De Gaulle claimed that his "Fighting France" had "liberated" France from the Germans. The truth is that he was allowed to march a small contingent of 500 men at the head of the Anglo American column and thus the keystone of the Gaullist ideology rests on a piece of contrived propaganda. Gaulle did not liberate France and neither was Pierre Laval a collaborator or a traitor. De Gaulle with the help of the Communists and elements of the French Right whipped up a cloud of passion which cast deep doubts on the motives and actions of Pierre Laval. Unfortunately, the Gaullist State institutionalised the self serving ideologically potent myth and like marionettes Historians are dancing ever since to this absurdity. In fact anyone even suggesting a more nuanced and balanced opinion or assessment is usually hollered down by the rabid defenders of de Gaulle. 

Few Historians recognise today that Pierre Laval was the first European statesman to understand the danger posed by Hitler. After  becoming Prime Minister in 1931 he sought to bring Social Insurance and succeeded and to this day his scheme lasts. In 1935 as Prime Minister he met Mussolini in Rome and convinced him to accept the responsibility of defending Austria and when the Germans assassinated the Austrian Chancellor, Dollfuss, it was Italy that forced Germany and Hitler to back off from outright annexation. Recognizing the danger posed by Germany and responding to that danger by creating an international coalition with Italy and Britain fell through as Britain was going through it "appeasement" phase and when Britain accepted the remilitarization of the Rhineland without a whisper of protest, Laval realised that in any confrontation France would be left high and dry. The same fear took him to Moscow, but Stalin too was in no mood to confront Germany. Given this track record of diplomacy against Hitler's Germany, Laval can be termed a "fascist" and "collaborator" only by those who use History  as a tool of political legitimation. Samuel Hoare the Foreign Minister of Britain signed an agreement with Laval but it created a storm in Britain which did not quite see Germany as an existential threat to civilization, and Laval clearly did. When Laval's policy of containment fell through, he became more prudent. 

In 1940 when Germany invaded France and concluded an  Armistice which was hugely popular, Laval had no role in this at all as he became Prime Minister under Marshall  Phillipe Pe'tain after the Armistice. Does this transfer of power which took place with  the concurrence of the National Assembly constitute treason. The charge of treason cannot be made unless we take into consideration the fact that the Armed Forces, Police and territory were firmly controlled by the existing Government. I hesitate to use the very word Vichy as it carries the stain of Gaullist invective. De Gaulle went to France where he was permitted to claim that he represented "Free France", the Cross of Loraine that Sir Winston Churchill and the Allies carried reluctantly. Pierre Laval was dismissed in 1940 and for the next two years he remained out of office. He was recalled in 1942 and held office until 1944. Only the retrospective judgement marinated in expediency and political need can lead to the imposition of the construct of Traitor and Collaborator on Laval.

Pierre Laval kept French institutions clear of German influence and all the judges on the hastily constituted a High Court of Justice including the chief, Paul Mongibeaux were all servants of the Vichy Government and they did not see the irony of sitting in judgement on a man who was its head. The fact is de Gaulle wanted Pierre Laval punished and executed so that he could build his political future on dead Laval. The jury consisted by Socialists who were politically opposed to Vichy and a death sentence was handed down and on 15th October 1945 Laval faced a firing squad. The trial and sentence were timed so that before the Elections in 1945, de Gaulle could appear before the French as the Grand H'omme the saviour of "Eternal France" and refurbish its image as a Great Power. And the removal of Laval did accomplish all this. France's defeat and neutrality (not collaboration) could be wiped clean and the Gallic Coq was free to strut its stuff on the world's stage. 

The most egregious charge against Pierre Laval was with regard to the French Navy anchored in North Africa. The British planes bombed the ships destroying the ships killing 1300 sailors on board, an attack similar to the Pearl Harbour Attack by Japan. Even this provocation did not lead to France declaring war against England and thereby proving the neutrality of Vichy. How could this incident be brought as evidence of a hostile attitude towards France. Political necessity had created a climate in which honest assessment of Laval's role was neither made nor attempted. And de Gaulle was waiting in the wings to erect his political future on the corpse of Pierre Laval.

An assessment of Pierre Laval must consider the circumstances of his regime and with the exception of Rousso few Historians have taken those under consideration. Pierre Laval preserved France as State and Country in the face of huge challenges. Nazification of French public institutions was resisted almost till the bitter end. German demands for labour was met but with reluctance and Jewish persecution was resisted till the end of 1943 when it became impossible for France to fight Germany.

An assessment of Pierre Laval must consider all  these facts.

Queen Anne Boleyn Justice, Law and Reality: A Historian looks at May 19th, 1536

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

The Execution Woodcut Print  

A contemporary woodcut print illustrates the 19th May 1536 tragedy on Tower Green, London

Trial Papers

On May 19th, 1536 an elegant woman, dressed in a crimson velvet gown, a white bodice covered by a chemise, in French fashion walked across to an open space just beyond the Royal Quarters, where a back draped scaffold had been erected. Queen Anne (yes, she was still Queen) walked and knelt down after making the speech that Hollywood has hammered into the heads of movie goers: Good Christian people! I have not come hither to make a speech, but to die." Exhorting the people to serve their Gentle Sovereign Prince she absolves him of all blame as she has been Judged by the Law. Her words were carefully chosen, if we trust the version given by the Spanish Ambassador who for some inexplicable reason was a witness to this tragedy.  Anne certainly wanted to protect the claims of her 3 year old daughter Elizabeth to the throne as promulgated by the Act of Succession. After a brief moment of prayer she moved her head, and the French executioner swiftly and in one swell scoop cut off her head, and it bobbed on to the platform. Historical Records make it clear that the French executioner was summoned even before the trial had started, suggesting quite plausibly that the charges against Anne and the 5 men including her brother George Boleyn were driven by political and extra legal considerations.

Death Warrant

  After the judicial trial and execution of Queen Anne, the Lord Chancellor of the Real Thomas Cromwell ordered all records of the trial destroyed and Henry VIII, fresh after his marriage to Jane Seymour scrubbed all  traces of his three year marriage with Anne by ordering the removal of her coat of arms from Hamden Court. However the almost complete transcript of the trial has been preserved and Historians like Eric Ives are quite convinced of the innocence of the Queen, her brother George and the 4 men who died with him two days earlier. 

Lets look at the charges that took the Queen to her death that May morning. Incest, Adultery and wishing "death" to the King making it a act of treason. The last charge is easily disposed of. Wishing "death" to the King entered the statues only in 1351 and was never invoked until this charge. And it is quite likely that a humorous off the cuff remark was misconstrued, but the serious injury sustained by the King in a jousting tournament a few weeks earlier added a sinister tone to a flippant remark and Jane Boleyn, the wife of George Boleyn and therefore the Sister-in-Law of Anne was the only witness. As for the other charges, a Queen's adultery remained a matter of Church Law not subject to the King's Court or the Star Chamber. On May 2nd 1536 the Queen was arrested and taken to the tower where she lived for the next fortnight until her date with the French executioner from Calais. 

The Lord Chancellor, Thomas Cromwell used procedural manipulation to secure her conviction. He separated the trial of the 5 men including her brother, George, from that of the Queen and made Anne face Lord Norfolk, her own uncle who was the presiding judge of a "Jury of her peers". A day prior, the 5 men had been sentenced to death leaving no hope for the Queen except the mercy of her "Sovereign Lord". Within days of her death Henry VIII married Jane Seymour and this leaves the question open about the motives of Henry VIII. The King had broken with the Roman Catholic Church over his marriage to Katherine of Aragon, the niece of the King of Spain. The "Great Matter" of the King's marriage had been managed by Thomas Cromwell who literally rode rough shod over the clerical institutions and establishment. The "dissolution of the monasteries" a strategy adopted for securing treasure for the impending war with France led to protests all over Northern England, called the Pilgrimage of Grace. And Queen Anne came out in open support of the Pilgrimage of Grace. Thus the King and his first Minister both had strong personal and political reasons to see the end of Queen Anne.

The innocence of the Queen is established by the fact that the dates on which she was said to commit acts of adultery were days on which she was not present in the places where the acts as charged took place. Also the Queen was not permitted to bring her evidence or cross examine the witnesses and so the jury retuned as expected a guilty verdict and she met her end.

Thomas Cromwell and Jane Boleyn or Lady Rochford too met their ends on the scaffold. Was Karma at work. Who knows? Who can predict the mysterious ways through which Fate/Fortuna acts. 

CRIME, POLITICS AND RETRIBUTION IN INDIA; THE ATIQ AHMED SAGA

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

What transpired in Prayagraj was shocking and totally unexpected. A notorious criminal Atiq Ahmed and his brother Ashraf Ahmed were gunned down execution style by 3 gunmen as they were being taken for a medical examination at Colvin Hospital at 10.30 in the night. On the 13th his son, Asad Ahmed and his accomplice Ghulam were killed in Jhansi by the Special Task Force constituted by the Government. This sequence of events has explosive implications for the politics of India in general and Uttar Pradesh in particular.

Certain questions that are bound to come up before the Judicial Inquiry constituted by the Government of Uttar Pradesh:

1 Why were the two hand cuffed criminals taken to the Hospital at 1030 in the night.

2 How did the news of their medical examination lea out giving the killers time to organize their crime by laying in wait at the Hospital Gate.

3 How did the 3 killers get Press identification cards which gave them access

4 Why was the flank of the two prisoners left unprotected giving the killers the opportunity to fire and kill the two

5 The two were under the custody of the Police and hence the involvement and conduct of the Police has also to be questioned.

Atiq Ahmed and his brother were sons of a tonga (an Indian horse drawn vehicle) driver and though he proudly sported Khan in his name, came for a very humble background. He took to crimes such as murder and extortion along with land grabbing and kidnapping for ransom from an early age and by the time he was 20 had more than 40 criminal cases registered against him. He had a very successful run as a politician and was elected to the UP Assembly 5 times on the tickets of the Samajwadi Party, Apna Dal and the Bahujan Samaj Party. In 2004 he was elected to Parliament from the Phulpur constituency from where Jawaharlal Nehru was once elected in the 1952 General Elections. When he vacated his Assembly seat he sought to have his brother Ashraf elected in his place, but was defeated by Raju Pal who contested on the BSP ticket. 

Atiq was close to the Samajwadi Party and being a Muslim became the symbol of the political bonds between the Yadavas who dominated the Party and Muslims who shared power with them, an arrangement that is generally called Secularism in India. Using the clout with the political establishment Atiq built up an empire of nearly 12,000 crores. And in this growth all political parties with the exception of the Bharatiya Janata Party colluded with him.

In 2005, the defeated candidate Ashraf Ahmed had Raju Pal  killed publically in a gruesome manner. Raju Pal was ambushed by 15 criminals and more than 150 rounds fired into his body. In February this year Umesh Pal, the lawyer and eye witness in the earlier case was gunned down by a team of 13 assassins led by Asad Ahmed, the son of Atiq Ahmed. The long career in violent crime came to an abrupt in 2017 with the election of Yogi Aditanath as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. The Chief Minister sees to improve the Economy of the state by attracting Foreign Direct  Investment for which Law and Order was the fundament requirement. He promised to make UP, "Mafia Mukth" Mafia free. He famously declared on the floor of the Assemby that,Mafia ko mitti me mila denge, we will bring down the mafia rule.

Events started taking frenetic pace when Atiq Ahmed was brought from Sabarmati Jail to Prayagraj to face trial in the Raju Pal murder case in which he was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. With 167 cases registered against him the police were keen to  track down his cfrime empire and sought police remand which was duly granted. Atiq and his brother Ashraf were killed while they were in police custody.

The execution style killing with shots fired to the temple has raised far too many inconvenient questions both for the Government of Uttar Pradesh and for the Opposition parties. It is now being speculated that they were eliminated as their political patrons no longer needed them and indeed, had become an embarrassment. The fact that the 3 killers were caught alive is the saving grace. Otherwise the charge of political cover up would have been made. The shocking crime reminded me of the elimination through murder of the assassin of JFK ,Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby. Till today there are suggestions that Lee was killed in order to hide the larger conspiracy. Fortunately that scenario is unlikely in this case.

My own assessment is that the people of Uttar Pradesh will, while not endorsing the murders of the two, not hold it against the Government as Atiq and his criminal gang had terrorised North India for nearly 30 years.

Writing History, Scripting Politics and the Nation State: A Critique of the Nehruvian Consensus

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

Ram Manohar Lohia and Sita Ram Goel were both eminent public figures in the early decades of the Republic, when the Nehruvian consensus on India was forged and was institutionalised in the School and University curriculum. Essentially, this consensus represented a compromise with the Muslim population for votes and this arrangement was brought under the ideology of Secularism. Second, the pre Islamic past of India was to be viewed as an "area of Darkness" with the Indian civilization playing at best a marginal role in world history. Therefore all the fault lines of an ancient civilization were ten as its defining features: caste, social division and hierarchy. The entire historical experience of India was brought under these categories.  The triumph of post-colonialism in the Academia has given added strength and vigour to these notions. 

Sita Ram Goel started life as a "Marxist" and soon found himself exiled from the promised land. He is known widely for his two volume study of Hindu Temples during the period of Islamic rule. The Left-Liberal Historians consider even asking this question of India's past a heretical act that invites the wrath of the elect elite "professional historians". In the pamphlet, a riposte to the notorious Communalism and the Writing of Indian History by the "Trimurthi"of contemporary Indian Historiography, Romila Thapar, Harbans Muhkia, and Bipan Chandra. 

The defining event of Modern India was the Partition and the Congress acquiesced in the Partition even though Gandhi had declared that he would die to preserve the integrity of India. (Partition over my dead body, thundered Gandhi). The tension between the Muslim elites and the Congress Party could not be papered over and with the strident call for Partition given in the Lahore session of the Muslim League in 1940, the Congress could do little to stem the tide of events. The leadership lost the opportunity to place its point of view when the Congress boycotted the Simon Commission and the resignations from the Ministries following India's entry in World War II left the field to the Muslim League. Ram Manohar Lohia has written an insightful essay on those he believed were responsible for Partition. Jawaharlal Nehru , Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi were the "Guilty Men".  Nehru was too anxious to come to power and longed for the comforts of Office, Mohandas Gandhi had reached the nadir of his political life and was not in a position to influence the tide of events. And Abdul Kalam Azad hardly comanded a following among the Muslim populace. Lohia has argued that the mistakes both at the strategic and tactical level made by the leadership of the Congress was responsible for the tragedy of Partition.

After Independence a clutch of Historians dominated the discourse on the past of India. The attempt to view India and its past in a positive manner was brushed aside as "communal" a term that has not been defined or properly explained. Identity Politics in the name of religion can be taken as the key feature of a "communal" mode of writing history. And in this the medieval period which is dominated by the Alighar School is quite prone to the projection of Islamic identity on Historiography.

The little pamphlet deals with the Ancient Period only and it exposes the errors and distortions in the writings of Romila Thapar. 

George Soros, the Politics of Disruption and engineered political change

A look at the world of politics, statecraft, diplomacy and books

George Soros

 George Soros is an oligarch with a wealth of around 9.5 Billion US dollars. Through his Open Society Foundation, George Soros invests in Civil Society groups and other special interest groups like farmers and the like in order to create near total chaos in target countries. The Farmers 'Protest in India last year was only one of several protests organized with "seed capital" from organizations linked to the Open Society Foundation. The anti CAA protests and the signature Shaheen Bagh protests have been linked to people who have received huge funds from the Open Society Foundation. The purpose of such protests is to create an impression before the entire world, with the help of a compromised and pliant media, that the protests are symptomatic of resentment against what they describe as "nationalistic, authoritarian" "regimes". Only non white Government are designated as "regimes" and the sub text is of complete and total demonization of the leadership, a process amplified by the captive Media.

George Soros was born in Budapest, Hungary, on August 12 1930 making him one a very senior oligarch. There are unconfirmed accounts that he saved himself from the Holocaust by changing his Jewish surname Schwartz to Soros and adopted the Christian religion. He seems to have collaborated with the Germans in identifying Jews and their property and if this is true he will be the most despicable of humans who being a Jew collaborated with the Germans and there is in the lexicon of the Holocaust a word to describe such individuals. Be that as it may, after the War he went to England where he studied in the London School of Economics where he came under the influence of Sir Karl Popper whose philosophy George Soros claims to be following and  his foundation is named after the most famous work of Popper, Open Society and its Enemies. We must point out that Popper wrote his classic wor against the backdrop of two huge totalitarian movement, Nazism and Communism and his life work was to sound the alarm bell if ever the world should drift towards these ideologies. Soros has quite cleverly transformed the central theme of his philosophy from Popperian attack on totalitarianism to Nationalism. Karl Popper did not attack Nationalism or the Nation State. He opposed illiberal  anti democratic ideologies and political practices which he equated with expanding and expansionist ideologies as National Socialism and Communism. George Soros is taking liberty with the very important and durable work of Karl Popper by attributing ideas to him which are contrary to his own stated positions. Such appropriation of the philosophy of Sir Karl Popper for spreading chaos and economic meltdown in parts of the world must be challenged.

George Soros has influenced events all over the world quite directly. He encouraged the establishment of Non Governmental Organizations all over Easter Europe and  provided financial support to the dissident movements in Europe, particularly in East Germany and Hungary and Romania that resulted in the fall of Soviet Union. This success was followed up by significant infusion of funds in the Arab world that resulted in the short lived Arab Spring and color revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine. The funding of protests movements and giving them both political legitimacy and international visibility through the mediation of Western media like Washington Post, New York Times and The Guardian shows that there is harmony of views between white media giants and the Soros ideological game plans. In fact these media houses and their journalists are known to receive huge subventions from the Open Society Foundation. On surface protest may appear uncoordinated and spontaneous but in reality they are planned and executed on the basis of "tool kits" produced in western capitals. 

The Open Society Foundation disburses grants worth 5 to 6 billion US dollars each year to organizations that adopt the western political and geopolitical objectives. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Climate Change activists, LGBTQ groups, and various other such entities are given funds with the main objective being to pitch them against other socio-economic groups. Thus labor rights and climate change activism come in handy to target economic plans and activities. Religious groups can be harnessed to crate disturbances in the name of "secularism" women can be encouraged to rail against "patriarchy" and of course LGBTQ is the latest arrival on the block. The fact that International Finance is in no way threatened by these protests as the failure of Occupy Wall Street Movement demonstrated very clearly. In fact white privilege and white financial hegemony over the world is being strengthened when identity politics is weaponised as is the case with George Soros and his "Open Society" foundation. 

George Soros has written a very revealing book, the Alchemy of Finance in which he outlines a pseudo scientific theory of "Reflexivity". He has forgotten the most important contribution of Sir Karl Popper: a scientific theory is open to refutation and Soros, our hero with a palindromic name, has given us a theory that is circular and self validating and therefore remains a hypothesis and not a theory. However, there is an important lesson lurking in this book. Market decisions are based on perceptions and market decisions are impacted by information as market values are not driven by economic fundamentals. Paul Krugman, the noted economist accused George Soros of triggering the collapse of the Bank of England in 1992, a collapse that saw people lose their savings and George Soros came off with a windmill profit of 1,5 Billion Pounds. Soros was convicted by the European Court for insider trading over the purchase of Societe Generale public equity. In India, the dramatic fall in the price of Adani stock has led to the conclusion that Hindenburg Report was the catalyst to bring about the "reflexivity" as Soros inelegantly puts in, in the market.

It is very clear that George Soros is targeting India and its economic potential by attacking the interests of Indian corporate houses that have to raise liquidity in western stock markets. It will be quite sometime when India can be a major player in the Global Financial Market and the attack has started. Earlier too the Press in India made huge uproar over Pegsus, the Raffale Deal and the Indian Vaccine. In all these cases funds from Soros and his Organization were deployed and the Congress Party particularly its mascot Rahul Gandhi seems to be thick with the Soros Foundation. Both politics and the market share a characteristic in common: Equilibrium and this equilibrium can easily be disturbed and that is the relevance of George Soros.

The misuse of Popper's ideas to promote the elitist conception of an oligarchy oriented politics is repugnant as it is both inhuman and anti democratic. Inciting violence and calling it democratic protests makes democracy weak. And it is sheer white arrogance on the part of men like George Soros to arrogate to themselves the right of certifying democracies. What he represents is a cabal of the financially rich oligarchs out to create mayhem in the democratic world. His support for the Black Lives Matter and the so called Antifa has made USA so unstable today that not a day passes without a mass shooting somewhere. Politics revolving around identity and sexual orientation make way for chaos, violence and authoritarianism. 

Will Soros and his cohorts in India, a band of reliable collaborators, hold overs from the bad days of UPA I and UPA II are coming out in strength to mouth the same tired lines. But 2024 will be a decisive mandate and the revulsion that most of us feel for such evil will fins expression in the ballot box.